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Periódicos Brasileiros em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Analgesic effects of Phalfa1 beta toxin: a review of mechanisms of action involving pain pathways

Silva, Juliana Figueira daBinda, Nancy ScarduaPereira, Elizete Maria RitaLavor, Mário Sérgio Lima deVieira, Luciene BrunoSouza, Alessandra Hubner deRigo, Flávia KarineFerrer, Hèlia TenzaCastro Júnior, Célio José deFerreira, JulianoGomez, Marcus Vinicius

Phα1ß is a neurotoxin purified from spider venom that acts as a high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel blocker. This spider peptide has shown a high selectivity for N-type HVA calcium channels (NVACC) and an analgesic effect in several animal models of pain. Its activity was associated with a reduction in calcium transients, glutamate release, and reactive oxygen species production from the spinal cord tissue and dorsal ganglia root (DRG) in rats and mice. It has been reported that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of Phα1ß to treat chronic pain reverted opioid tolerance with a safer profile than ω-conotoxin MVIIA, a highly selective NVACC blocker. Following a recent development of recombinant Phα1ß (CTK 01512-2), a new molecular target, TRPA1, the structural arrangement of disulphide bridges, and an effect on glial plasticity have been identified. CTK 01512-2 reproduced the antinociceptive effects of the native toxin not only after the intrathecal but also after the intravenous administration. Herein, we review the Phα1ß antinociceptive activity in the most relevant pain models and its mechanisms of action, highlighting the impact of CTK 01512-2 synthesis and its potential for multimodal analgesia.(AU)

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