VETINDEX

Periódicos Brasileiros em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Selection of biosurfactan/bioemulsifier-producing bacteria from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil

Viramontes-Ramos, SabinaPortillo-Ruiz, Martha CristinaBallinas-Casarrubias, María de LourdesTorres-Muñoz, José VinicioRivera-Chavira, Blanca EstelaNevárez-Moorillón, Guadalupe Virginia

Petroleum-derived hydrocarbons are among the most persistent soil contaminants, and some hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms can produce biosurfactants to increase bioavailability and degradation. The aim of this work was to identify biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated sites, and to evaluate their biosurfactant properties. The drop-collapse method and minimal agar added with a layer of combustoleo were used for screening, and positive strains were grown in liquid medium, and surface tension and emulsification index were determined in cell-free supernantant and cell suspension. A total of 324 bacterial strains were tested, and 17 were positive for the drop-collapse and hydrocarbon-layer agar methods. Most of the strains were Pseudomonas, except for three strains (Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Rhodococcus). Surface tension was similar in cell-free and cell suspension measurements, with values in the range of 58 to 26 (mN/m), and all formed stable emulsions with motor oil (76-93% E24). Considering the variety of molecular structures among microbial biosurfactants, they have different chemical properties that can be exploited commercially, for applications as diverse as bioremediation or degradable detergents.

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