Atividade larvicida e adulticida de extratos e óleo essencial de Hyptis dilatata Benth em Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Anopheles spp. e Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926

Almeida, S. P.Soares-da-Silva, J.Vale, E. S. M.Roque, R. A.Melo Filho, A. A.Tadei, W. P.

Abstract Extracts and essential oils (EOs) from the leaves and flowers of Hyptis dilatata were studied on the larvae control of Anopheles spp, Anopheles darlingi and on larvicide and adulticide activity for Aedes aegypti. Hexanic and ethanolic extracts were obtained from leaves and flowers (dry and rainy periods), totaling 4 samples, the oils from the leaves of the dry and rainy periods - morning, afternoon and night - with 6 samples and 02 oils from the flower, one for each climatic period. Bioassays with larvae of Anopheles spp., Ae. aegypti and Rockefeller strain were performed, adulticide and efficacy test of the product prototype with leaf's EO (rainy period/night) for Ae. Aegypti. The hexanic extracts of the flower from both climatic periods were toxic, with 83.3% and 76.7% of mortality rates for Ae. aegypti, and for Rockefeller the mortality rate was 90% and 80%, both in the dry and rainy periods, respectively. For the EOs of leaves and flowers, 100% of mortality was obtained for Ae. aegypti and for Rockefeller, however, for Anopheles spp., it was around 50%. The EOs from the leaves of the night time (dry and rainy) were the most toxic to the Ae. aegypti larvae, CL50 of 47.02 e 55.69 µg/mL after 24 hours. For An. darlingi the oil from the dry period flower was the most toxic one, with CL50 169.68 µg/mL. For Ae. aegypti adult forms, the EO from the rainy/night period leaf was active after 15 minutes of exposure, with 50% mortality. The product prototype was effective within 10 minutes, with 68.3% of knockdown effect. The results indicate that H. dilatata essential oils are effective agents against larval and adult forms of Ae. aegypti and An. darlingi.